Foreign Relations of the United States
The Conferences at Washington, 1941-1942
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CONTENTS
Page Preface III List of Illustrations XI Introduction XIII List of Abbreviations, Symbols, and Code Names List of Papers XXVII I. The First Washington Conference 1. Pre-Conference Papers 3 II Proceedings of the Conference: 61 Monday, December 22, 1941 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, evening 63 Arnold-Portal meeting, evening 65 Tuesday, December 23, 1941 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, forenoon 67 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, 4:45 p.m. 69 Dinner party of the American and British military leaders, 7:30 p.m. 80 Roosevelt-Churchill dinner meeting, evening 81 Wednesday, December 24, 1941 Stimson-Churchill meeting, morning 81 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 10:30 a.m. 82 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, 6 p.m. 90 Thursday, December 25, 1941 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 4 p.m. 90 Meeting of Roosevelt with his military advisers, 5:30 p.m. 94 Friday, December 26, 1941 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 3 p.m. 96 Roosevelt-Beaverbrook meeting, 3:30 p.m. 98 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, 4:30 p.m. 100 Hull-Mackenzie King meeting, afternoon 106 Roosevelt-Churchill-Mackenzie King meeting, late afternoon 107 Roosevelt-Churchill dinner meeting, evening 107 Saturday, December 27, 1941 Churchill-Marshall meeting, forenoon 108 Meeting of Roosevelt with certain military advisers, 10 a.m. 109 Hull-Mackenzie King meeting, forenoon 111 Roosevelt-Churchill-Litvinov luncheon meeting, 1 p.m. 112 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 3 p.m. 113 Meetings of Roosevelt and Churchill with the chiefs of various diplomatic missions, afternoon 117 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, 6 p.m. 124 Roosevelt-Litvinov meeting, evening 124 Hull-Mackenzie King dinner meeting, evening 125 Sunday, December 28, 1941 Meeting of Roosevelt with his military advisers, 11:45 a.m. 125 Roosevelt-Churchill-Hull meeting, afternoon 131 Monday, December 29, 1941 Meeting of Hull with certain of his advisers, morning 132 Roosevelt-Loudon meeting, 12 noon 133 Hull-Litvinov meeting, 12:30 p.m. 133 Stimson-Hopkins-Marshall meeting, 2:30 p.m. 134 Meeting of the United States production leaders with the British Minister of Supply, 2:30 p.m. 135 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff 137 Churchill-Hopkins telephone conversation, 6:45 p.m. 140 Tuesday, December 30, 1941 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 3 p.m. 141 Wednesday, December 31, 1941 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 2 p.m. 144 Stimson-Soong meeting, afternoon 148 Roosevelt-Hull telephone conversation, 4 p.m. 149 Thursday, January 1, 1942 Roosevelt-Churchill-Litvinov luncheon meeting 150 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, about 6 p.m. 152 Meeting for signing the Declaration by United Nations, 10 p.m. 156 Friday, January 2, 1942 Roosevelt-Churchill-Hull meeting, 11:40 a.m. 156 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their advisers on shipping, noon 157 Saturday, January 3, 1942 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon meeting 158 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their advisers on war production, about 5 p.m. 158 Sunday, January 4, 1942 Arnold conversations with Hopkins, Roosevelt, and Churchill 159 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, 5:30 p.m. 161 Tuesday, January 6, 1942 Hopkins-Litvinov luncheon meeting 170 Saturday, January 10, 1942 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 3 p.m. 171 Sunday, January 11, 1942 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 4 p.m. 175 Roosevelt-Marshall meeting, 5:30 p.m. 181 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their advisers on war production, 9:30 p.m. 181 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, evening 181 Monday, January 12, 1942 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 4 p.m. 182 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, 5:30 p.m. 185 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, evening 195 Tuesday, January 13, 1942 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 4 p.m. 197 Wednesday, January 14, 1942 Meeting of the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, 3 p.m. 201 Roosevelt-Hopkins-Marshall meeting, about 5 p.m. 202 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, 5:30 p.m. 203 Roosevelt-Churchill dinner meeting, evening 208 3. Conference Documents and Supplementary Papers: A. Military Strategy and Command: (1) Grand Strategy; Establishment of the Combined Chiefs of Staff 210 (2) The War Against Germany and Italy 234 (3) The War Against Japan 265 B. War Production and Allocation 327 C. Declaration by United Nations 362 D. St. Pierre and Miquelon 377 E. The Free French Movement in the United States 404 F. Control of Telecommunication Facilities 405 G. Economic Aid to Spain 413 H. Sovereignty of Leased Bases 415 II. The Second Washington Conference 4. Pre-Conference Papers 419 5. Proceedings of the Conference: Friday, June 19, 1942 Marshall-Churchill meeting, morning 422 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 12:30 p.m. 422 Informal meeting of American and British military leaders, 2 p.m. 426 Roosevelt-Churchill conversations, afternoon 428 Saturday, June 20, 1942 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 11 a.m. 429 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, afternoon 432 Roosevelt-Churchill-Harriman conversation, afternoon 433 Sunday, June 21, 1942 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, morning and afternoon 433 Hopkins-Brooke conversation, 4:30 p.m. 435 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting with American and British staff officers, 9:30 p.m. 436 Monday, June 22, 1942 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, 11:10 a.m. 436 Roosevelt-Churchill-Soong meeting, 12:35 p.m. 438 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 1:02 p.m. 439 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon conversation, 1:15 p.m. 439 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 2:30 p.m. 440 Tuesday, June 23, 1942 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their shipping advisers, 11:30 a.m. 440 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon meeting, 1 p.m. 443 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with their military advisers, 2:40 p.m. 443 Roosevelt-Churchill-Duke of Windsor meeting, 5 p.m. 443 Wednesday, June 24, 1942 Meeting of Roosevelt and Churchill with King Peter of Yugoslavia, evening 444 Thursday, June 25, 1942 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 9:30 a.m. 445 Marshall-Dill-Brooke luncheon 448 Meeting of the Pacific War Council, 12:30 p.m. 448 Hopkins-Mackenzie King conversation, afternoon 453 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 2:30 p.m. 453 Roosevelt-Hopkins-Churchill dinner 454 VI Conference Documents and Supplementary Papers 455 III. The Casablanca Conference 7. Pre-Conference Papers 487 8. The Presidents' Log at Casablanca, January 14-25, 1943 521 9. Proceedings of the Conference: Thursday, January 14, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10:30 a.m. 536 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 2:30 p.m. 547 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, about 7 p.m. 557 Roosevelt-Churchill dinner meeting, about 8 p.m. 557 Friday, January 15, 1943 Meeting of Roosevelt with the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 10 a.m. 558 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon meeting, 1:30 p.m. 563 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 2:30 p.m. 563 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff with Roosevelt and Churchill, 5:30 p.m. 573 Roosevelt-Leathers conversation, 7 p.m. 578 Saturday, January 16, 1943 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 9:55 a.m. 579 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10:30 a.m. 580 Meeting of Roosevelt with the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 5 p.m. 594 Sunday, January 17, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10:30 a.m. 601 Roosevelt-Noguès conversation, noon 606 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon, 1:30 p.m. 609 Roosevelt-Giraud conversation, 4:20 p.m. 609 Roosevelt-Churchill dinner, 8 p.m. 612 Monday, January 18, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10:30 a.m. 613 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon meeting, 1:15 p.m. 626 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff with roosevelt and Churchill, 5 p.m. 627 Tuesday, January 19, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10 a.m. 637 Hopkins-Harriman-Poniatowski meeting, morning 641 Hopkins-Churchill conversation, morning 642 Roosevelt-Tedder meeting, 11:25 a.m. 644 Roosevelt-Giraud conversation, noon 644 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 4 p.m. 647 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 11:20 p.m. 655 Wednesday, January 20, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10 a.m. 655 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon, 1 p.m. 662 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 2:30 p.m. 663 Roosevelt-Churchill-Giraud conversation, 5 p.m. 666 Churchill-Roosevelt dinner, 7:45 p.m. 666 Churchill-Eaker luncheon meeting 666 Thursday, January 21, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10 a.m. 667 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 6:25 p.m. 669 Friday, January 22, 1943 Hopkins-Churchill conversation, 9:45 a.m. 679 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10:15 a.m. 680 Hopkins-Harriman-Mountbatten luncheon meeting 686 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 2:30 p.m. 687 Roosevelt dinner party, 7:40 p.m. 692 Murphy-de Gaulle conversation, about 10 p.m. 693 Roosevelt-de Gaulle conversation, 10:20 p.m. 694 Roosevelt-Churchill conversation, 11:15 p.m. 696 Saturday, January 23, 1943 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 10 a.m. 697 Murphy-Giraud conversation 700 Hopkins-el Mokhri conversation 701 Roosevelt-Churchill luncheon meeting, 1:30 p.m. 704 Murphy-de Gaulle conversation, afternoon 705 WIlbur-de Gaulle conversation, 4 p.m. 705 Informal America-British conversations, 3:50-5:30 p.m. 707 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff with Roosevelt and Churchill, 5:30 p.m. 707 Meeting of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 9:30 p.m. 719 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, evening 722 Sunday, January 24, 1943 Murphy-Giraud conversation, morning 723 Hopkins-Macmillan conversation, morning 723 Roosevelt-Giraud conversation, 11:05 a.m. 723 Roosevelt-de Gaulle conversation, 11:40 a.m. 724 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting with de Gaulle and Giraud, about noon 725 Roosevelt-Churchill press conference, 12:15 p.m. 725 Roosevelt-Churchill dinner, 8 p.m. (Marrakech) 731 Roosevelt-Churchill meeting, about midnight (Marrakech) 732 10. Conference Documents and Supplementary Papers: Military Strategy and Command 733 French North Africa 809 Statement to the Press and the Communiqué 829 XI Index of Subjects 853 XI Index of Persons 875
List of Illustrations
Photographs
(These photographs will be found in a group following page 483.)
Plate Prime Minister Churchill and party on board H.M.S. Duke of York in the North Atlantic, December 1941 1 Prime Minister Churchill addressing a joint session of the Congress, December 26, 1941 2 Prime Minister Churchill and Mr. Harry Hopkins at the White House, January 1942 3 Secretary of State Hull and principal officers of the Department of State, 1942 4 President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Prime Minister Mackenzie King with members of the Pacific War Council, Washington, June 25, 1942 5 General Marshall, Field Marshal Dill, Prime Minister Churchill, and Secretary of War Stimson, Fort Jackson, South Caroline, June 24, 1942 6 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill with the United States and British Chiefs of Staff, Casablanca, January 18, 1943 7 President Roosevelt and General Giraud, with their aides, Casablanca, January 19, 1943 8 President Roosevelt with his military and civilian advisers, Casablanca, January 20, 1943 9 President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and the Sultan of Morocco with other guests before a dinner party, Casablanca, January 22, 1943 10 President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, General Giraud and Major General de Gaulle, Casablanca, January 24, 1943 11 President Roosevelt and prime Minister Churchill at their press conference, Casablanca, January 24, 1943 12 Documents in Facsimile
Page Draft telegram by Prime Minister Churchill to Mr. Clement Attlee 277 Draft memorandum by General George C. Marshall 283 Draft of the Casablanca Communiqué 842
This volume of documents on the conferences at Washington (1941-1942) and Casablanca (1943) is published in continuation of the special series of Foreign Relations volumes on the World War II conferences attended by President Roosevelt or President Truman, along with Prime Minister Churchill or Marshal Stalin, or both of the latter. Volumes previously published in this series were entitled The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 1943; The Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945; and The Conference of Berlin (The Potsdam Conference), 1945. COnferences till to be covered in this series are those at Washington in 1943 and Quebec in 1943 and 1944. PREFACE
The principal compilers and editors of the present volume were Fredrick Aandahl, William M. Franklin, and William Slany. Substantial work was done on the initial collecting of documents for this volume by Edwin S. Costrell, S. Everett Gleason, and Isaac A. Stone. The volume was reviewed by the undersigned.
The technical editing of the volume was the responsibility of the Publishing and Reproduction Services Division, Jerome H. Perlmutter, Chief.
In order to make this volume as complete and accurate as possible, the editors supplemented the data available in the Department of State by obtaining source material and information on these conferences from a number of individuals and agencies outside the Department. The Historical Office would like to express its sincere appreciation for this assistance. particular acknowledgment is made of the extensive help received form the Historical Division of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and form the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park, New York. Quotations from certain of the books and manuscript collections listed in the Introduction to the volume have been made with the kind permission of the respective publishers and archival authorities. The photographs were supplied through the courtesy of the British Central Office of Information, the Library of Congress, the National Archives, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, and the U.S. Army Photographic Agency.
WILLIAM M. FRANKLIN
Director, Historical Office
Bureau of Public Affairs