Appendix
Supplemental Data
1. JAPANESE YEAR DATES.
Year of Meiji Year of our Lord 1st 1868 2d 1869 3d 1870 4th 1871 5th 1872 6th 1873 7th 1874 8th 1875 9th 1876 10th 1877 11th 1878 12th 1879 13th 1880 14th 1881 15th 1882 16th 1883 17th 1884 18th 1885 19th 1886 20th 1887 21st 1888 22d 1889 23d 1890 24th 1891 25th 1892 26th 1893 27th 1894 28th 1895 29th 1896 30th 1897 31st 1898 32d 1899 33d 1900 34th 1901 35th 1902 36th 1903 37th 1904 38th 1905 39th 1906 40th 1907 41st 1908 42d 1909 43d 1910 44th 1911 45th 1912 Year of Taisho 1st 2d 1913 3d 1914 4th 1915 5th 1916 6th 1917 7th 1918 8th 1919 9th 1920 10th 1921 11th 1922 12th 1923 13th 1924 14th 1925 15th 1926 Year of Showa 1st 2d 1927 3d 1928 4th 1929 5th 1930 6th 1931 7th 1932 8th 1933 9th 1934 10th 1935 11th 193ft 12th 1937 13th 1938 14th 1939 15th 1940 16th 1941 17th 1942 18th 1943 19th 1944 NOTE. When Japanese year dates are given the year may be found as follows:
In the Meiji period, add the Japanese year date to 1867.
In the Taisho period, add the Japanese year date to 1911.
In the Showa (present) period, add the Japanese year date to 1925.
For example Meiji 13 is 1880, Taisho 13 is 1924, and Showa 13 is 1938.2. JAPANESE WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND MONEYS.
Ri = 36 cho = 2,160 ken = 2.4403 miles = 3.92727 kilometers.
Ri (marine) = 1 nautical mile = 1.85319 kilometers.
Ken = 6 shaku = 60 sun = 5.965163 feet = 1.81818 meters.
Shaku = 10 sun = 100 bu = 0.994194 feet = 0.30303 meter.
Shaku (cloth measure) = 1.25 shaku.
Tan (cloth measure) = a roll of about 25 shaku.
Square ri = 1,296 square cho = 5.95516 square miles = 15.52345 square kilometers.
Cho (area) = 10 tan = 3,000 tsubo = 2.45065 acres = 99.17355ares.
Tsubo or bu = 3.95369 square yards = 3.30579 centiares.
Ko (Formosa) = 2,934 tsubo.
c. Quantity, capacity, and cubic measures.
Koku = 10 to = 100 sho = 4.96005 bushels
47.65389 gallons (liquid) U.S.A.
5.11902 bushels (dry) U.S.A.= 1.80391 hectoliters Go = 10th of a sho.
Koku (capacity of vessels) = 10th of a shipping ton.
Koku (timber) = about 1 by 1 by 10 feet.
Koku (fish) = 40 kwan (in weight).
Shakujime (timber) = about 1 by 1 by 12 feet.
Taba (fagot, etc.) = about 3 by 6 by 6 feet.
Kwan (kan) = 1,000 momme = 8.26733 pounds avoirdupois
10.04711 pounds troy= 3.75000 kilograms. Kin = 160 momme = 1.32277 pounds avoirdupois
1.60754 pounds troy= 0.60000 kilograms. Momme = 10 fun = 0.13228 ounce avoirdupois
0.12057 ounce troy= 3.75000 grams.
e. Moneys.
Yen (¥) = 100 sen = 1,000 rin = 0.49846 U.S. dollars (at par).
0.23196 U.S. dollars (average rate of exchange, November 1941).3. METHOD OF NUMBERING MODELS. a. Before 1926 the model number of weapons and equipment was indicated by the year of the reign in which the model was adopted. Since 1926 the model has been numbered from what is assumed to be the date of the "founding of the Japanese Empire. The last two digits of this number are used up to the year 1940. Models adopted in 1940 are simply designated as "0" (Zero). Models adopted in 1941 are designated "1" and so on.
b. A comparative table indicating the western year, the Japanese year, and the model number corresponding thereto follows:
Western year Japanese year Model No. Western year Japanese year Model No. 1930 2590 90 1938 2598 98 1931 2591 91 1939 2599 99 1932 2592 92 1940 2600 0 1933 2593 93 1941 2601 1 1934 2594 94 1942 2602 2 1935 2595 95 1943 2603 3 1936 2596 96 1944 2604 4 1937 2597 97 c. This method of marking equipment is in general use in both the Army and the Navy for numbering types of equipment, including airplanes, tanks, pieces of ordnance, etc.
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