Appendix
Supplemental Data


1. JAPANESE YEAR DATES.

Year of Meiji Year of our Lord
1st 1868
2d 1869
3d 1870
4th 1871
5th 1872
6th 1873
7th 1874
8th 1875
9th 1876
10th 1877
11th 1878
12th 1879
13th 1880
14th 1881
15th 1882
16th 1883
17th 1884
18th 1885
19th 1886
20th 1887
21st 1888
22d 1889
23d 1890
24th 1891
25th 1892
26th 1893
27th 1894
28th 1895
29th 1896
30th 1897
31st 1898
32d 1899
33d 1900
34th 1901
35th 1902
36th 1903
37th 1904
38th 1905
39th 1906
40th 1907
41st 1908
42d 1909
43d 1910
44th 1911
45th 1912
Year of Taisho
1st
2d 1913
3d 1914
4th 1915
5th 1916
6th 1917
7th 1918
8th 1919
9th 1920
10th 1921
11th 1922
12th 1923
13th 1924
14th 1925
15th 1926
Year of Showa
1st
2d 1927
3d 1928
4th 1929
5th 1930
6th 1931
7th 1932
8th 1933
9th 1934
10th 1935
11th 193ft
12th 1937
13th 1938
14th 1939
15th 1940
16th 1941
17th 1942
18th 1943
19th 1944
NOTE. When Japanese year dates are given the year may be found as follows:
    In the Meiji period, add the Japanese year date to 1867.
    In the Taisho period, add the Japanese year date to 1911.
    In the Showa (present) period, add the Japanese year date to 1925.
For example Meiji 13 is 1880, Taisho 13 is 1924, and Showa 13 is 1938.

2. JAPANESE WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND MONEYS.

a. Distance and Length.

Ri = 36 cho = 2,160 ken = 2.4403 miles = 3.92727 kilometers.

Ri (marine) = 1 nautical mile = 1.85319 kilometers.

Ken = 6 shaku = 60 sun = 5.965163 feet = 1.81818 meters.

Shaku = 10 sun = 100 bu = 0.994194 feet = 0.30303 meter.

Shaku (cloth measure) = 1.25 shaku.

Tan (cloth measure) = a roll of about 25 shaku.

b. Land measure.

Square ri = 1,296 square cho = 5.95516 square miles = 15.52345 square kilometers.

Cho (area) = 10 tan = 3,000 tsubo = 2.45065 acres = 99.17355ares.

Tsubo or bu = 3.95369 square yards = 3.30579 centiares.

Ko (Formosa) = 2,934 tsubo.

c. Quantity, capacity, and cubic measures.

Koku = 10 to = 100 sho =  4.96005 bushels
47.65389 gallons (liquid) U.S.A.
5.11902 bushels (dry) U.S.A.
 = 1.80391 hectoliters

Go = 10th of a sho.

Koku (capacity of vessels) = 10th of a shipping ton.

Koku (timber) = about 1 by 1 by 10 feet.

Koku (fish) = 40 kwan (in weight).

Shakujime (timber) = about 1 by 1 by 12 feet.

Taba (fagot, etc.) = about 3 by 6 by 6 feet.

d. Weights.

Kwan (kan) = 1,000 momme =    8.26733 pounds avoirdupois
10.04711 pounds troy
 = 3.75000 kilograms.
Kin = 160 momme =  1.32277 pounds avoirdupois
1.60754 pounds troy
 = 0.60000 kilograms.
Momme = 10 fun =  0.13228 ounce avoirdupois
0.12057 ounce troy
 = 3.75000 grams.

--400--

e. Moneys.

Yen (¥) = 100 sen = 1,000 rin =   0.49846 U.S. dollars (at par).
 0.23196 U.S. dollars (average rate of exchange, November 1941).

3. METHOD OF NUMBERING MODELS. a. Before 1926 the model number of weapons and equipment was indicated by the year of the reign in which the model was adopted. Since 1926 the model has been numbered from what is assumed to be the date of the "founding of the Japanese Empire. The last two digits of this number are used up to the year 1940. Models adopted in 1940 are simply designated as "0" (Zero). Models adopted in 1941 are designated "1" and so on.

b. A comparative table indicating the western year, the Japanese year, and the model number corresponding thereto follows:

Western year Japanese year Model No. Western year Japanese year Model No.
1930 2590 90 1938 2598 98
1931 2591 91 1939 2599 99
1932 2592 92 1940 2600 0
1933 2593 93 1941 2601 1
1934 2594 94 1942 2602 2
1935 2595 95 1943 2603 3
1936 2596 96 1944 2604 4
1937 2597 97

c. This method of marking equipment is in general use in both the Army and the Navy for numbering types of equipment, including airplanes, tanks, pieces of ordnance, etc.

--401--

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