This volume is "under development" and will be completed as time allows...
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Contents
Foreword v Preface vii Page Origins of the Army Ground Forces:
General Headquarters, United States Army, 1940-42iii I. The Development of General Headquarters, United States Army 1 Organization of the Military Establishment in 1940 1 GHQ in the Mobilization Plan of 1940-42 5 Separation of the Field Armies from the Corps Areas 6 Training Tasks of GHQ 9 The GHQ Staff 12 GHQ as a Training Division of the General Staff 13 Expansion of the Functions and Authority of GHQ, 3 July 1941 15 Planning Activities 20 Command Problems 22 Expansion and Reorganization of the GHQ Staff 24 GHQ Activities 26 The Split within GHQ between Training Functions and Operational Functions 30 II. The Administration of Training 32 Authority of GHQ over Training 32 State of Training in August 1940 33 Preparation for the Citizen Army 34 General Proficiency versus Specialism in the New Army 38 Large-Unit Training and Testing 40 GHQ-Directed Army Maneuvers, 1941 43 Morale 47 Leadership--the Officer Problem 48 Reemphasis on Essentials 51 War Plans for the Creation of New Divisions 51 Summary of Training Principles under GHQ 55 III. GHQ and the Armored Force 56 Establishment of the Armored Force 56 Relation of GHQ to the Armored Force 58 Training Directives and Maneuvers 58 Organizational Problems 61 Status of the Armored Force 68 IV. GHQ and Tank Destroyer Elements 73 Views at GHQ on Antitank Measures 74 Delay in Preparing Antitank Measures 75 Creation of the Planning Branch, G-3, WDGS 78 Creation of the Provisional Antitank Battalions 78 The Antitank Conference of July 1941 79 Testing of Antitank Weapons in GHQ-Directed Maneuvers 80 Progressive Acceptance of Principles Favored at GHQ 81 The Tank Destroyer Center and the Tank Destroyer Battalions 82 V. The Relation of GHQ to Amphibious Training 85 The Role of GHQ 86 The Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet 87 Training on the Pacific Coast 90 An Army Amphibious Training Center Projected 90 VI. The Role of GHQ in the Development of Airborne Training 93 The Transport Shortage and its Effects on Organization and Training 94 Airborne Elements in the GHQ-DIrected Maneuvers, 1941 95 Projects for Further Development of Airborne Troops 96 VII. GHQ and the Development of Air-Support Training and Doctrine 99 Responsibilities of GHQ for Air and Air-Ground Training 99 Basic Problems in Combined Air-Ground Training 101 Observation Aviation 102 The Problem of Air-Support Tests, 1940-41 102 Execution of Air-Support Tests, February-June 1941 106 The Air-Support Commands and the 1941 Maneuvers 107 Aviation in the 1941 Maneuvers 109 Disagreements over Air-Ground Command relations 110 FM 31-35, Aviation in Support of Ground Forces 113 VIII. GHQ and the Defense Commands in the Continental United States 115 The Role of GHQ in Planning the Defense of the United States 115 The Principle of Territorial Command Unity and the Air Problem 116 Creation of the Four Defense Commands 119 Coordination of Antiaircraft Weapons and Pursuit Aviation 123 Reluctance of Air to Accept Command over Ground Forces 125 IX. Failure to Develop the Plans of 1921 128 The Outlook of GHQ on its Mission 130 Limited Powers of GHQ as a Planning and Operational Headquarters 131 Problems of Incomplete Tactical Control 132 The Air Problem 134 Measures Taken to Improve the Position of GHQ 141 X. The Dissolution of GHQ and the Establishment of Army Ground Forces 143 Reform of GHQ versus Reorganization of the War Department 143 The Point of View at GHQ on Reorganization 144 Basic Problems Encountered int eh Attempt to Strengthen GHQ, August-November 1941 146 Development of the War Department Reorganization Plan, November 1941-March 1942 148 Summary 153 Roster of General Staff and Special Staff, GHQ, 1941-42 156 Charts 1. Organization of the War Department, June 1941 14 2. GHQ in the Chain of Command after 3 July 1941 18 3. Organization of GHQ after 3 July 1941 28 4. Defense Commands Established 17 March 1941 118 5. Organization Plan for field forces, 28 April 1941 120 6. Command Functions, GHQ, 1 December 1941 136 Illustrations General McNair and General Marshall 8 Army War College 12 Air View of the Army War College 16 Staff of GHQ at the Army War College, 29 November 1940 24 Command and Staff Officers at GHQ Maneuvers 40 Ground Forces in the Army, December 1941-April 1945:
A Statistical Study159 I. Note on the Compilation of the Table 163 II. Analysis of the Table 172 III. Sources of the Table 182 Table 1. Ground Forces in the Army, December 1941-April 1945 161 Mobilization of the Ground Army 185 I. General Problems of Mobilization 189 II. The 1942 Army 198 The First Troop Basis of 1942 198 Operational Needs 201 The Manpower Crisis of the Summer of 1942 206 Change of war Plans 208 Summary of Mobilization in 1942 209 III. The 1943 Army 212 Reduction of the AGF Program: the 100-Division Army 214 Reduction of Tables of Organization and Equipment 217 Further Deceleration and the AGF Pool Plan of April 1943 220 Revision of the Military Program: the 90-Division Army 225 End of Expansion of ground Forces 227 IV. The 1944 Army 231 Implementation of the 1944 Troop Basis 235 Economics and Conversions in 1944 237 The Struggle to Maintain the 90-Division Army 244 V. Summary 252 Tables 1. The Army in Two Wars 191 2. Deployment of the Army in 1918 and 1945 194 3. Growth of the Army by Branch, 1941-45 203 Annex to Table No. 3 204 A. Growth of the Army by Branch 204 B. Percent of Each Branch in Total Army 204 Rate of Growth of the Army by Branch 205 4. Mobilization after 1942: Enlisted Strength 210 5. Ground Combat Units Mobilized after 1942 211 6. Development of the Heavy Artillery Program, 1942-44 232 7. Ratios of Nondivisional to Divisional Field Artillery, 30 June 1943-1 July 1944 233 Chart 1. Authorized and Actual Enlisted Strength of Troop Units, Army Ground Force, by Month, 1942-45 191 Reorganization of Ground Troops for Combat 261 I. Tactical Organization Before 8 March 1942 265 Role of the Army Ground Forces 268 Guiding Ideas of General McNair 271 Tactical Organization in March 1942 276 II. The Tightening Pinch, March-October 1942 281 Mobility versus Transportation 281 Crucial Decisions: September-October 1942 286 III. The Period of Economy, October 1942-October 1943 290 Pooling: The Critical Cases--Tank, Tank Destroyer, and Antiaircraft Artillery 293 Streamlining: Work of the AGF Reduction Board 297 IV. The Infantry Division 300 The AGF Tables of March 1943 300 Reaction to the AGF Tables 314 V. The Armored Division 319 VI. Experimental Divisions 336 Cavalry and Motorized Divisions 336 Airborne, Mountain, Jungle, and "Light" Divisions 339 VII. Army and Corps 351 Abandonment of the "Type" Army and "Type" Corps 352 The Battalion-and-Group System 356 Higher Headquarters 359 Theory of Army and Corps 363 VIII. Summary 372 AGF Letter on Revised Organization, 21 July 1943 374 Tables 1. Organic Composition of the Infantry Division, 1936-45 274 2. Troops in Divisions and in Nondivisional Units, by Branch, 31 December 1943 and 31 March 1945 306 3. Organic Composition of the Armored Division, 1942-45 320 4. Composition of the "Type" Army and "Type" Corps, 31 July 1942 354 5. Evolution of Corps Headquarters, 1942-45 361 6. Composition of the Third Army, 1 October 1942 366 7. Composition of the Third Army, 10 November 1943 368 Chart 1. The Armored Division, 1 March 1942 and 15 September 1943 330 Organization and Training of New Ground Combat Elements 383 I. New Weapons and Old Principles 387 The Idea of Balance in AGF Policy 388 Mobilization Planning in 1942 391 Tactical Reorganization for Economy and Balance 394 II. Organization for Training 396 Growth of the Special Establishments 396 decline of the Special Establishments 408 Tactical Reorganization for Economy and Balance 411 III. Problems of Weapons and Equipment 418 The Antiaircraft Question 418 The Tank Destroyer Question 423 Tanks, Tank Destroyers, and Antiaircraft Guns as Field Artillery 430 IV. Summary 433 Tables 1. Assignment of Armored Divisions in the Army Ground Forces, 1942-44 398 2. Assignment of Tank Battalions (Other than in Armored Divisions) in the Army Ground Forces, 1942-44 399 3. Assignment of Tank Destroyer Battalions in the Army Ground Forces, 1942-44 400 4. Assignment of Antiaircraft Artillery Battalions in the Army Ground Forces, 1942-44 401 Charts 1. Arms and Quasi Arms in the Army Ground Forces, May 1943 406 2. Arms and Quasi Arms in teh Army Ground Forces, May 1944 407 Reorganizing for Redeployment 435 I. Basic Redeployment Problems 439 Personnel Readjustment Planning 439 Redeployment Movements 446 Equipment 449 The Redeployment Troop Basis 450 II. Changes in Organization 454 The AGF "R" Tables 456 The WD "R" Tables 476 III. AGF Liaison at War Department and ASF Installations 484 Port Liaison 484 Liaison at Personnel Centers 487 Liaison at Hospital and Redistribution Centers 491 Administration of Liaison Activities 495 IV. The Redeployment of "D" Division 231 Tables 1. Changes in the Division Proposed by AGF Plan 1, 28 February 1945 457 2. Comparison of Changes in the Division Proposed by AGF Plans 1 and 2, 26-28 February 1945 458 3. Comparison of Changes in the Division Proposed by AGF Plans 1, 2, and 3, 26-28 February 1945 459 4. Changes in the Infantry Regiment Proposed by AGF Plan 3, 26 February 1945 465 5. Comparison of "R" Table Infantry Division with Old Division and That Proposed by AGF Plan 3 478 Chart 1. Organization and Equipment of Infantry Division, 1 June 1945 (Proposed T/O&E 7R) 480 Glossary of Abbreviations Guide to Footnotes 507 Bibliographical Note 510 Index 519
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