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RADAR BULLETIN No. 4
(RADFOUR)
THE AIR PLOTTING MANUAL
UNITED STATES FLEET
HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF
UNITED STATES FLEET
HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF
NAVY DEPARTMENT
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.15 October 1944
1. This publication, Air Plotting Manual, is issued for the information and guidance of commissioned, warrant, and enlisted personnel to provide a standard basis of information relative to air plotting in the United States Fleet.
2. This publication is
CONFIDENTIAL[Declassified] non-registered, and shall be handled, stowed and transported as prescribed in Article 76, U.S. Navy Regulations, 1920. When no longer required for use it shall be destroyed by burning; no report of destruction is necessary.3. While the classification of the publication is necessarily
CONFIDENTIAL[Declassified], Commanding Officers are urged to make certain that the book is available to all CIC and radar personnel whose duties require access to the information contained therein.4. Requests for this publication shall be made to Headquarters, Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, (Readiness Division).
/signed/
R.S. EDWARDS
Chief of Staff.>
DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR AIR PLOTTING MANUAL (RAD FOUR)
Standard Navy Distribution List No. 26 (15 December 1944)
List 1: a(5), b(5),
Note: Numbers in parentheses indicate number of copies sent to each addressee.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
100. Foreword 1000. Air Plotting 1100. Introduction 1200. Materials 1300. Symbols and Abbreviations 1400. Trace Development 1500. Dead Reckoning 1600. Summary Plot 1700. Status Board 1800. Conversion Plotting 1900. Grid Plotting Appendix "A": Training Problems 1. Raid Plotting Exercises. 2. Dead Reckoning Exercises 3. Raid and Dead Reckoning Exercises.
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100. FOREWORD.
This manual has been prepared with the intention of including in one handbook a standardized air plotting procedure utilizing uniform abbreviations, symbols and methods. This standardization has been considered necessary in order to have air plotting easily readable and understandable to all interested personnel.
To achieve this purpose, the material herein is, to a large extent, the adoption of current existing procedures and practices. Basic doctrines on this subject as outlined in USF 10A, USF 70A, etc., have been adhered to.
An appendix of problem material has been provided to assist in the training of personnel.
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1000. AIR PLOTTING.
1100. INTRODUCTION.
The objective of air plotting is to present an accurate, up-to-the-minute picture of the position and track of all aircraft in the surrounding area.
The purposes of air plotting are:
To track interceptions of attacking enemy aircraft as an aid in fighter direction.
To fix and evaluate unidentified air contacts.
To track search, attack, observation, rescue, and other friendly planes.
To assist in homing lost planes.
Contact information from the following sources is plotted:
Radar contacts (principal source).
Warning net reports.
Lookout reports.
Fighter net reports.
Coast watcher reports.
Intelligence data.
1200. MATERIALS.
Navy air plotting is done in a polar coordinate chart. The coordinates of this chart consist of bearing lines radiating from the center, and a series of concentric circles having a uniform spacing, representing range in nautical miles. This type of chart is necessary since the point of reference on moving vessels is constantly changing. These charts are mounted either horizontally or vertically and are surfaced with either a transparent plastic material or tracing paper.
Grease pencils are generally employed on transparent plastic surfaces and lead pencils on tracing paper. The use of grease pencils requires experimentation to discover the colors adapted to the individual type of plot. Reds and yellows show prominently on edge-lighted boards. Blacks, blues and reds show prominently on horizontal boards with either sub lighting or top lighting. Lint-free rags and commercial window cleaning fluids are most desirable for erasures on transparent plastic plotting surfaces.
1300. PLOTTING SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS.
Listed below are symbols and abbreviations used in air plotting. Their use will be demonstrated in subsequent paragraphs and illustrations. It is essential that plotters be completely familiar with these symbols and their various uses.
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Symbols.
X Bandit (identified enemy aircraft). X Bogey (unidentified aircraft). O Friendly (friendly aircraft). Merged plot (friendlies and bogies at same location). IFF only. Emergency IFF (approximately twice the size of the friendly symbol). Emergency IFF only. Dead Reckoned positions of controlled aircraft. Fade line. Jam fade line. #3 Code number of IFF (Figure placed beside friendly track at point of code identification). E.P.A. (Estimated Position Arc). Jamming. Window. Sun or moon (Figure in symbol represents angle of elevation). Abbreviations. (Appear in information boxes along plotted track).
1B One Bogey FB Few Bogies (2-10) MB Many Bogies (over 10). A Angels (Altitude in thousands of feet). AL Angels low. AH Angels high. C Course. S Speed. P Planes TH Tallyho. F Fish. R Rats B Bombers. H Hawks. 1400. TRACK DEVELOPMENT.
The track of an air contact is developed primarily from radar reports. these reports are transmitted to the plotter in terms of bearing and range. The radar operator also reports such additional information as type, composition, and altitude.
Bearing errors of as much as plus or minus 3° are encountered in all search radars. That is, consecturive radar readings may vary as much as 6°. This results in the track of a contact, moving on a straight course, often appearing on the plot as a zig-zag line.
When a radar fix is received, it is (1) placed on the polar coordinate chart, (2) labeled with the time the plot was received and (3) connected to the previous plot with a straight line. (For neatness and readability it is best that space be left between the plot and the end of the line).
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Illustration No. 1The time is recorded in two digits which represent the minutes past the hour. The only exceptions to this are (1) the first of a series of connected plots and (2) the first plot in a new hour.
Illustration No. 2
The exponents shown represent the nearest quarter minute, the clock being dividing into the following quadrants:
Exponent "1" - 7½ seconds to 22½ seconds. Exponent "2" - 22½ seconds to 37½ seconds. Exponent "3" - 37½ seconds to 52½ seconds. No exponent - 52½ seconds to 7½ seconds (represents the even minute).
Illustration No. 3
Air raids are designated by number. When a raid has been so designated, it is identified on the plot by a number placed in a circle. This circle is placed near the origin of the series of plots it identifies, and must be large enough to be easily read. In the event that a raid splits at a distance greater than thirty miles, one leg retains the original designation number, and the other leg is given a new number. This number is placed in a raid designation circle near the point of the split. However,
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should a raid split at a distance of less than thirty miles, the legs are considered part of the original raid and are designated as parts A, B, C, etc. of that raid.
When possible, the direction of movement of a bogey is indicated at the initial plot by an arrow pointing either toward or away from the center of the board. Successive plots will then substantiate and more accurately show the direction or course of the bogey.
Illustration No. 4
As shown above, when such information as size, altitude, course, speed or type of raid becomes known, it is placed in oblong boxes along the bogey track and, when possible, on the opposite side from the time recorded. Ordinarily, each item of information is placed in a separate box. However, the box containing the rough estimate of bogey size made on the initial contact report is made sufficiently large to accommodate the first estimate of the specific number planes in the contact. This number in the estimate is subsequently inserted in the box. If a different estimate is made later, it is placed in a separate box beside the plot on the track with which the estimate was made and the letter "P" is placed in the box to show that it is an estimate of the number of planes in the formation. All boxes and the times are placed so as to face directly the officer using the information and should be large enough to be easily readable. This frequently requires the plotter to plot and print upside down or at an angle. A minimum of three plots is necessary to determine an initial course and speed and at least two plots are needed to determine a change in course or speed. The only exception is within twenty miles, when one plot is considered to indicate a change. Changes in course and speed of less than 30° or 30p knots are, normally, not to be recorded. However, the altitude of a raid is indicated by figures showing the altitude in feet (e.g.) A raid at eighteen thousand feet is indicated by the 18,000 placed in a box. The altitude of friendly planes is indicated by the letter "A" (for angels) and the altitude in thousands of feet (e.g. friendly planes are indicated by "A18" placed in a box beside the friendly or dead reckoned track at the point where the planes reached that altitude. A smooth imaginary line drawn through the plots in the direction which the track is taking is considered to be the course. The speed can be determined by laying off a nomogram the distance made good for 3 or more plots. Another rapid way to calculate speed is multiply by 20 the distance made good in three minutes.
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Illustration No. 5When a closing or crossing raid fades, the possible position of the raid at any minute is shown by a series of concentric, dashed semi-circles known as Estimated Position Arcs. (EPA). The origin of these arcs is the last known "fix" of the raid. An arc will be plotted every whole minute from the time of this fix until another fix is obtained, at which time the two "fixes" will be connected by a solid line. The radius of the EPA is the distance the bogey would travel as known by its already determined speed. The EPA is a semi-circle, positioned toward the base so that the two ends fall at the same range as the last plot. When the operator advises that the bogey has faded, a wavy line (
) is placed after the last plot given, and when the bogey reappears, another fade line is placed just before this new plot. These fade lines are approximately one half inch long and should be parallel to a tangent of the range circles so that the person computing the altitude can tell at a glance the range at which the raid faded and at which it reappeared. In the event the operator simply fails to report on the raid but does not announce a fade, the fade lines are omitted and only the EPA's are drawn in.
Illustration No. 6
Friendly contacts are plotted, timed and connected in the same manner as bogey contacts. The code of IFF shown by a friendly contact is placed beside the track at the point where it is reported by the operator. The symbol should be of prominent size and is not enclosed in a box. No raid designations, fader lines or Estimated Position Arcs are used. Other information (course, speed, altitude, etc.) will be included if directed.
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1500. DEAD RECKONING.
As a supplement to radar reports, a procedure for tracking controlled friendly aircraft is employed. This procedure is known as dead reckoning. It is used in order to keep a more accurate and current track of these aircraft than could be obtained from radar reports alone. It is necessitated because of fades, land echoes, jamming, radar interference, failure of operators to report, and many other factors that might result in an incomplete track from radar reports.
The D.R. position is plotted every minute by means of a large dot (
) placed along the course the aircraft have been ordered to fly. These dots are connected by a dashed line, each dash representing a fifteen second time interval.
Illustration No. 8
As a radar contact is obtained on the fighters, it is plotted as a friendly plot (O), and the subsequent DR track is continued from this plot. Subsequent plots are connected by solid lines, and, when time permits, the obsolete DR track may be erased. Times are recorded in the same manner as above. When a change of course is given to the fighters by the Intercept Officer, the DR plotter continues the original DR track for 15 seconds before executing the order on the plot. This delay is to compensate for the time lag between the order and its execution. However, should the pilot fail to wilco ["will comply"] the order within this 15 second period, the DR plotter will continue plotting on the previous track until certain that the order has been received.
For purposes of fighter direction, planes fly at four speeds:
SAunter = Lowest speed possible without losing height. LIner = Economical cruising speed. BUster = Normal full speed. GAte = Maximum possible speed. These speeds vary with the type of aircraft employed. Hence the dead reckoning plotter must be familiar with the performance of the planes with which he is working. The following figures, which approximate the performance of our present first line fighting planes, will be used for illustrative purposes in this manual.
SAunter = 150 knots or 2½ miles per minute over the ground. LIner = 210 knots or 3½ miles per minute over the ground. BUster = 240 knots or 4 miles per minute over the ground. 300 knots = or 5 miles per minute over the ground. If no speed order is given, the Dead Reckoning plotter will assume that the planes will fly at LIner.
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The radii of the turns to be used in Dead Reckoning are dependent upon the altitude and speed of the planes.
STANDARD TURNS: Radii and time to turn 180°.
SAunter = 1 mile 1 minute LIner = 1¼ miles 1 minute. BUster = 1½ miles 1 minute. GAte = 1¾ miles 1 minute. HARD TURNS: Radii and time to turn 180°.
SAunter = ¼ mile ½ minute. LIner = ¼ mile ½ minute. BUster = ½ mile ½ minute. GAte = ½ mile ½ minute. A 90° turn takes one-half of the above listed times, a 45° turn one-quarter, etc. Turns of less than 45 degrees are not timed and no turning circle is used. Turns greater than 45° are figured to the nearest 45 degrees. For example: A 60° turn is timed as a 45° turn and a 70° turn is timed as a 90° turn.
The simple orbit is dead reckoned around one complete circumference at SAunter speed. The radius is 3 miles (6 miles in diameter) and consumes approximately six minutes. After one complete orbit, dead reckoning starts from the center of the orbit.
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Illustration No. 10.The figure of eight orbit is dead reckoned through one complete figure, also at SAunter speed, and requires six minutes to complete. The long axis of a figure of eight orbit is approximately six miles and is perpendicular to the previous line of travel. Both types of orbit can be directly across the line of travel, entirely to the right or entirely to the left. After one complete orbit, dead reckoning starts from the center of the orbit.
Illustration No. 11.
When dead reckoning planes that are climbing, the track is advanced at SAunter speed. When dead reckoning planes that are descending, the track is advanced at GAte sped. A normal rate of climb is 2000 feet per minute. When the order "scramble gate" is given, the rate of climb is 2500 feet per minute, but the plane's track is still advanced at Saunter speed. 5000 feet per minute is a normal rate of descent.
Only the following information is placed along the DR track: time, angels, and the designation of the friendlies.
The word "Vector" is an order to friendly planes to follow the magnetic heading indicated. "Steer" is an order to return to base by the magnetic heading indicated. Radar reports are given as true bearing, but the compass of the friendly plane is affected by magnetic variation, and this variation must be taken into consideration when the order to vector is given. The rule is "Magnetic Heading plus easterly variation yields true heading; magnetic heading minus westerly variation yields true heading." For example, in an area of 10° westerly variation, if Black One is given an order "Vector 100°", the Dead Reckoning Plotter will D.R. a course of 090°. Conversely, in area of 10° easterly variation, he will D.R. a course of 100°. Remember the phrase "true-right-East."
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1600. SUMMARY PLOT
On carriers and certain other large ships, a special type of edge-lighted vertical plot is installed in the CIC. This plot is known as the Summary Plot. It is constructed of transparent material and is so designed that plotters work behind the board and plot on the back side. In front of the board an officer is stationed who is charged with "filtering" these plots.
Filtering is the determination of the most probable position, course, speed, altitude and composition of a flight of aircraft. This information is obtained from radars, lookouts and all other sources. It is for the use of Command, the FDO and the Intercept Officer. Filtering is done by the Radar Control Officer (RCO) on the front of the vertical display board by evaluating the information plotted on the back. In the event, however, of complete confidence in the accuracy and performance of a particular radar set, filtering is not necessarily used.
The basic requisite for filtering is complete understanding by the RCO of the capabilities and limitations of his own and other radars and operators.
The techniques and display symbols of filtering are set forth below:
Position: Position of a raid is shown on the plot with an arrow after considering radar plots and other information. If only one radar is reporting, the track made can be determined by fairing a line between the plots. However, if more than one radar is reporting, special consideration is given to the most reliable. The time of each plot determines the true advance of position as indicated by the head of the arrow at the established speed. Due to the time lag from scope to RCO the position of the arrow should lead the plot by a distance equal to speed times lag. One arrow per minute is drawn.
Course: The direction of the arrow indicates the course and is determined by study of positions. Course of the raid is shown beside the track in a box, and all pronounced changes are recorded immediately.
Speed: Time and distance between positions indicate speed of flight, which is shown along with course. Generally, planes fly in a straight line at constant speed for reasonable intervals of time, but if two plots in a closing raid indicate a serious reduction of speed, it is likely that the flight has changed course and a bearing error introduced. The next plot should confirm this -- if not, speed has changed. A large increase in speed indicates diving. Conversely, a large decrease indicates climbing. In applying this reasoning to crossing raids, the error in bearing determination is markedly greater than in rage determination, so that apparent changes in speed are sometimes misleading and previously determined speeds are usually more reliable.
Altitude: Altitude is shown in a separate box as determined from radar information. If radar has height determining feature, its report is accepted, but if altitude is estimated from fade charts, the highest
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estimate should be used if there is a difference among several radars. Visual reports are always given greater weight than estimates from fade charts.
Number of Planes: This information is shown in its own box. Radar operators must pass frequent size reports to detect splits. If two or more flights are close together, size is given in each report so as to determine whether flights are converging, cross, parallel, or trailing. If reports from several radars vary, it is safer to use the higher estimates, and the RCO should inform operators of the number of planes in any known flight.
The type of planes in a contact can often be deduced by intelligence, a knowledge of enemy performance, tactics or procedure.
In cases of heavy traffic, hostile raids, unidentified flights, emergency signals, and friendly planes are filtered in this priority.
The plotting on the back of the Summary Plot conforms with the plotting procedure set forth earlier in the manual. However, the raid designation circle is omitted, as are courses and speeds, unless specifically requested by the RCO. This plotting is done solely for the benefit of the RCO who is standing in front of the board. The plotters must become proficient in writing backwards. Grease pencils that do not show at a distance are used so as to be visible only to the RCO. On the other hand, the RCO uses a grease pencil that shows prominently. Yellow and red are recommended.
In the event that there is no information on a raid from any source, the RCO constructs EPAs.
The RCO plots but does not DR the friendly track. A merged plot is shown as the friendly symbol placed inside the arrowhead.
For example of filtering procedure and symbols, note illustration #14.
1700. STATUS BOARD
A status board is used to assist the Fighter Director in keeping track of his planes. It is a display of all information on the aircraft being controlled. The status board includes all orders given to the fighters, and for this reason is of prime importance to the Dead Reckoning Plotter.
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Item Explanation Div. Division call, e.g. "Black 1". Order Instruction to fighters, e.g. "P 270" (Vector Port 270) SP Speed, e.g. "BU" (Buster). AG The angels to which the fighters have been ordered. ETRA "Estimated Time Reach Angels" -- The time at which the fighters will reach the angels to which they have been ordered. Time The time at which the order is given. Var. Variation. Wind The direction from which the wind is blowing and the velocity of the wind in knots. Sun The bearing and elevation of the sun (or moon).
Status Board Abbreviations.
Order Column.
A great variety or orders are entered in the order column. The more common of these have standard abbreviations.
(Examples) Order Status Board Entry "Orbit Base" OR AS "Orbit 10 miles East" OR 090-10 "Orbit Port" OR P "Orbit Figure of Eight Starboard" OR F8 S "Orbit Point King" OR "K" "Vector 180" 180 "Vector Starboard 070" S-070 "Port 20" (following preceding order) P 050 "Vector Hard Port 300" HP 300 "Steer 180" SR 180 "Scramble" SC "Pancake" PK
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Order Status Board Entry "Resume 090" RM 090 "Tallyho" TH "Hey Rube" Hey Rube Speed Column.
(Examples) Order Status Board Entry "Saunter" SA "Liner" LI "Buster" BU "Gate" GA 1733. Angels Column.
(Examples) Order Status Board Entry "Scramble Gate Angels 20" X20 "Angels 10" 10 1800. CONVERSION PLOTTING.
When a contact is reported true to a given position, it is often necessary to plot this contact true to another position. The procedure by which this is done is known as conversion plotting.
This method of plotting assumes increasing importance as fleet dispositions become more complex and operations become broader in scope. It is employed by operating units to coordinate and more fully utilize contact information from several sources.
When units are operating in close formation, it is frequently unnecessary to convert. However, when operating units are separated by significant distances, conversion becomes necessary to insure an accurate plot. Examples of situations when this is true are:
- Reports from radar picket ships.
- Exchange of information between:
- Ships and adjacent land bases.
- Operating task groups.
- Units of a task group if sufficiently separated.
Regardless of the situation, the method of conversion employed remains essentially the same.
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The simplest and quickest technique for converting is one which is considered sufficiently accurate for the plotting of air contacts, is the parallelogram or "eye" method. In its essentials, it involves using one polar chart to measure bearings and ranges from all different reporting positions. instead of moving the chart, the point is read from one position and moved so as to be read from any other position by use of an imaginary parallelogram.
Illustration No. 17
Refer to the above illustration. If contact "X" is plotted on the chart, the bearing and range from the ship of base "A" is the line "A-X". To determine quickly bearing and range from another position, "B", take an imaginary point "C" and move it from "X" in the opposite direction from "B" ("X-C"), but parallel to and the same length as the line "A-B". Then the bearing and length of the line "A-C" is the same as the bearing and length of the line "B-X". Hence, point "C" is read directly from the chart as the bearing and range of "X" from "B".
On the other hand, the position may originally be given from "B". In this case, an imaginary point on our chart, "C", representing the bearing and range, is indicated. It is then moved parallel to "B-A" again, and the same length as "B-A" but, in the direction of "A" to "B". The contact is then plotted as "X". This position represents the bearing and range from "A".
A method is indicated. To convert a position, "X", from "A" to "B", place a point, "C", from "X" the distance and direction of "B" to "A". Then read "C" from the chart. The point may then be erased. Conversely, to convert a position from "B" to "A", place a point, "C", for bearing and range as read from "B". Then move in the direction from "A" to "B" and plot as "X".
1900. GRID PLOTTING
A times, a particularly during amphibious operations, Naval personnel are required to use grid coordinate charts in addition to polar coordinate charts. Grid plotting is the plotting of reports on a map or chart showing the definite geographical location of a contact rather than the relative location with respect to a ship or the center of a task force as is the case with a polar coordinate chart.
Obviously if a task force is operating independently at great distances from land there is no reason for considering plots other than respect to itself. On the other hand, if operating near land, and receiving reports
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from land based sources, or receiving reports from great distances and varied locations, the plotting of reports with respect to geographical location has its advantages and is considered preferable.
All Allied land based forces do their plotting on grids. Hence, in joint operations with land based forces Naval personnel must be prepared to use grid plotting.
Reports of positions by latitude and longitude are, in a sense, grid plots. However, grid plotting is the use of special charts which have the earth's surface subdivided into a series of lettered squares which, in turn, are subdivided into numbered coordinates representing certain areas. The subdivisions mentioned above (except in a few special cases) are located with respect to standard latitudes and longitudes. They provide an easy, rapid and clear means of accurately locating small areas on the earth's surface. For security purposes the grid lends itself readily to coding.
The larger grids me be constructed on any type projection--Mercator, Lambert Conformal Polyconic, or Gnomonic. The Mercator is most accurate for use in the equatorial latitudes, and the Lambert Conformal for the temperate latitudes.
While only the JAN Grid is authorized for the United States Navy and for joint Army-Navy operations, other grids are used by U.S. Forces, and the Allies. The commonly used grids are listed below:
- JAN grid (Joint Army-Navy).
- Air Defense Grid.
- Mafog (Mediterranean Area Fighter Operations Grid).
- Seafog (Southeast Asiatic Fighter Operations Grid).
This manual will deal primarily with the construction of the JAN Grid. Other grids may be encountered depending on the location of operations. Regardless of the type of grid, the use is the same.
The JAN grid locates the borders of the lettered grids or squares with respect to standard latitude and longitude divisions and covers the entire earth's surface. A reference to the construction of the JAN grid is found in USF 70(A) appendix E.
A diagrammatic explanation of the JAN grid is presented in illustration #18.
Reference to the illustration of JAN grid construction will show that the entire earth's surface is subdivided into twelve major letter subdivision. Each of these subdivisions is, in turn, subdivided into twenty-five lettered subdivisions. Each small lettered subdivision is, in turn, subdivided by numbered coordinates into ten equal spaces in latitude and longitude. Each of these numbered spaces is in turn subdivided into ten equal spaces of latitude and longitude. These letter subdivision are subdivided into ten small subdivisions by estimation.
Referring again to the illustration, the point would be indicated as "E" "S" 245 155. "E" indicates the large lettered subdivision. "S" indicates the smaller lettered subdivision, 245 indicates in tenths, hundredths, and thousands, the distance east from the west boundary line of the smaller lettered subdivision "S". 155 indicates in tenths, hundredths, and
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thousandths the distance north from the south boundary line of the smaller lettered subdivision "S".
Normally, only the one letter is called in indicating plots, since each smaller lettered subdivision in equatorial latitudes is, roughly speaking, 1000 nautical miles square, and above 45° north and 45 ° south latitudes about 500 nautical miles square. The exception is when the area being plotted overlaps two adjacent major lettered subdivision.
Plotting accuracy is to within approximately one nautical mile in the equatorial latitudes, and to within approximately one half nautical mile in the middle latitudes.
In designating locations, a rule of thumb is to call the lettered subdivision, then read right and up with the numbers, i.e. read from left to right all numbers indicating the east-west position and then read from bottom to top all numbers locating the north-south position.
For air plotting, six numbers are always used, the first three locate the east-west position, the last three locate the north-south position.
The symbols and procedure for plotting on a grid map are the same as those used for plotting on a polar coordinate chart.
Conversion of plots from a grid map to a polar coordinate chart, or vice-versa, is easily accomplished by superimposing a polar chart on a grid map, locating the polar center at the correct geographical location on the map. Another method is to use a parallel motion protractor and project the bearing and distance of a plot form your geographical location on the grid map. In conversion plotting from grids to polar, or vice-versa, the polar coordinate chart and the grid chart are drawn to the same scale.
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RAID PLOTTING
APPENDIX "A"
TRAINING PROBLEMS
1. Raid Plotting Exercises
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Time Report 1* 0001 MB 075-65 Closing 02 077-62 AH 03 079-58 25 P 04 084-55 05 087-52 06 089-48 07 092-45 08 Fade 09 Fade 10 098-35 At 22,000 11 107-32 12 107-29 13 104-26 14 110-23 15 106-20 16 Fade 17 110-14 18 110-11 19 095-08 *See Illustration #7
II Changes in Course with Intercept Time Report 00 MB 044-77 01 042-74 AH 02 039-72 15-20P 03 037-70 C 270
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II Cont'd Time Report 04 035-68 Raid 1 05 032-65 06 030-63 07 028-60 Friendly 040-9 08 030-57 040-11 09 031-54 040-14 10 032-52 C 180 040-17 11 034-49 042-20 12 037-46 041-24 13 036-44 039-27 14 035-41 039-31 15 033-38 037-33 16 031-36 031-33 17 028-33 C 245 18 025-31 19 020-28 20 016-25 21 011-23 22 008-21 23 010-18
III Changes In Course Time Report 00 MB 306-54 1 B 053-46 01 303-53 052-43 02 299-52 Raid 1 051-39 Raid 2
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III Cont'd Time Report 03 295-51 C 190 050-36 C 245 04 292-50 049-34 05 292-47 048-31 06 292-43 C 110 046-28 07 293-39 041-25 08 292-36 040-22 09 293-32 038-20 10 294-28 030-18 11 296-25 020-17 12 290-22 009-17 C 280 13 281-19 000-18 14 270-18 355-21 15 256-16 C 160 352-24 16 246-16 351-27 C 340 17 242-19 350-31 18 240-22 349-34 19 236-26 C 225 348-37 20 236-29
IV Speed and Course Changes Time Report 00 MB 225-70 FB 108-63 01 225-67 AH, Raid 1 107-62 10-20 P 02 225-64 S 200, 20-30 P 105-59 C 330, Raid 2 03 225-60 C 045, 20000 102-58 S 140 04 224-57 101-56 20000 05 226-54 099-54
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IV Cont'd. Time Report 06 225-50 096-53 07 224-48 094-51 S 180 08 222-47 090-49 09 220-45 S 135 088-47 10 218-43 C 080 084-44 11 216-42 083-40 S 240 12 213-41 30000 083-32 C 265 13 210-38 082-28 16000 14 207-35 084-22 15 204-32 082-16 S 360 16 202-28 08-10 2000 17 200-25 079-06 18 199-22 19 197-18 20 195-13 S 80, 10000 21 195-8 C 015 22 195-3
V Weave and Split. Dogleg Time 00 MB 132-75 MB 235-69 01 Fade 132-70 AH, Raid 1 236-66 Raid 2 02 Fade 132-67 236-63 03 131-64 237-60 20-25 P 04 131-60 235-57 05 132-57 22000 234-54 06 134-54 20-30 P Fade 235-51
--A-5--
V Cont'd. Time 07 134-51 Fade 236-48 08 132-50 236-45 15000 09 Fade 129-49 234-42 10 Fade 125-49 230-41 11 Fade 122-50 225-42 12 Fade 112-49 221-40 13 115-48 218-38 14 115-44 213-39 15 117-42 208-38 16 119-40 204-38 17 123-37 Fade 200-37 18 128-34 200-34 19 Fade 125-32 120-34 Raid 3 202-31 20 139-30 116-32 200-29 21 Fade 146-27 113-30 198-26 22 153-24 104-29 201-23 23 Fade 163-22 116-32 205-20 24 174-20 110-30 200-17 25 182-17 104-29 197-14 26 190-13 Fade 093-27 18000 200-11 27 200- 9 0844-24 205- 8 28 205- 4 074-20 16000 29 063-16 12000 30 Fade 31 040- 7
--A-6--
VI Orbit. Two Doglegs Time 00 MB 129-66 AH 01 131-63 20-30 P 02 Fade 132-60 18000 03 Fade 135-59 Raid 3 04 Fade 137-56 FB 05 137-54 FB 055-72 Raid 4 06 134-50 058-71 07 131-49 058-67 25000 08 128-47 060-65 09 125-49 062-63 10 128-50 064-60 1 B 162-63 Raid 5 11 131-49 Fade 067-58 162-60 12 129-47 068-55 164-57 2-5 P 13 125-47 069-52 22000 163-54 14 127-49 Fade 071-49 Fade 163-51 15000 15 131-48 075-47 Fade 166-48 16 127-45 077-44 167-46 17 Fade 124-42 079-41 166-43 18 Fade 119-42 085-41 170-40 19 115-40 088-38 Fade 169-37 20 114-37 Fade 091-35 171-34 21 118-34 096-32 20000 172-31 22 Fade 120-31 Fade 107-30 177-29 23 124-28 Fade 110-30 182-26 24 Fade 129-26 116-27 189-24 25 131-23 15000 120-23 187-21
--A-7--
VI (Cont'd) Time 26 Fade 121-18 130-23 190-17 27 109-15 12000 136-20 182-13 28 090-12 7000 131-16 189-11 29 098- 7 2000 140-13 190- 7 30 099- 3 150- 9 140- 6
Courses and Speeds Raid 3 Raid 4 Raid 5 C 270,000,270 C 2110.255, and C 335, 315 and 340 and 270 320 010 S 200 and 300 S 210 S 180
VII Snooper*. Straight-In Orbit And Split. Time 00 1B 269-58 Raid 1 01 270-55 02 Fade 271-52 1 P 03 Fade 272-49 04 273-46 05 275-43 06 277-41 10000 07 279-38 08 281-35 09 284-32 10 287-30 11 291-28 MB 228-74 12 296-26 229-72 Raid 2
--A-8--
VII (Cont'd) Time 13 302-24 230-69 20-25 P 14 307-21 232-67 16000 15 315-19 232-64 16 323-18 5000 231-62 18000 17 330-16 Fade 229-58 18 345-15 Fade 227-56 19 358-16 225-53 20 009-17 1000 226-51 21 015-19 227-48 22 013-22 229-45 23 010-24 Fade 230-42 24 003-25 230-39 25 355-25 225-40 26 348-26 Fade 226-43 27 240-27 Fade 231-42 28 332-28 231-39 29 327-30 227-37 FB 220-36 Raid 3 30 Fade 320-32 Fade 227-41 215-33 8-10 P 31 Fade 314-35 Fade 231-41 210-28 32 310-38 A 5 235-40 10-12 P 208-25 33 306-39 239-38 204-23 34 301-42 243-37 190-22 35 297-44 254-34 182-22 10000 36 248-31 16000 179-18 37 249-27 Fade 181-15 38 250-23 Fade 179-11 39 252-18 180-08 2000 40 255-13 10000 180-05 41 260-08
--A-9--
VII (Cont'd). Raid 1 Raid 2 Raid 3 C 070 S 190 C 020 S 160 C 100 S 300 350 240 080 200 060 300 260 010 200 080 260 060 250 * This problem can be used to show snooper sighting us and carrier planes coming out to attack. Takes 41 minutes. Can be shortened by omitting first 10-15 plots or calling friendly plots from close in back out and having interceptions.
--A-10--
VIII Orbit. Three Doglegs Time 00 MB 035-71 AH FB 147-73 MB 128-73 AH FB 178-70 18000 01 Fade 036-68 Fade 147-70 22000 128-69 175-67 02 Fade 039-65 Raid 1 Fade 147-66 Raid 2 Fade 126-67 30-40 P 179-64 03 Fade 041-62 144-63 10-12 P Fade 124-65 Raid 3 Fade 177-61 10-15 P 04 041-59 20000 Fade 144-59 Fade 124-62 Fade 175-58 Raid 4 05 044-56 146-58 123-58 20000 176-55 06 047-53 20-30 P Fade 143-51 120-55 174-52 07 049-50 Fade 139-47 117-53 25-30 P 170-49 08 Fade 054-57 141-43 118-50 165-46 09 Fade 056-44 18000 136-40 Fade 116-47 Fade 164-43 10 059-42 Fade 137-39 116-43 165-40 11 062-39 135-40 112-41 167-37 12 065-36 134-39 113-37 165-34 13 067-33 138-36 Fade 110-35 166-31 14 Fade 071-30 20000 142-33 107-32 168-28 15 070-27 139-29 106-29 166-25 16 071-24 143-25 Fade 105-25 15000 170-22 17 075-21 140-21 100-22 172-18
--A-11--
VIII (Cont'd) Time 18 072-18 143-17 099-19 168-15 19 070-15 137-13 090-17 170-12 20 071-11 140- 9 090-13 170- 8 21 062- 8 140- 5 083-10
Courses and Speeds Raid 1 Raid 2 Raid 3 Raid 4 C 190 and 250 C 345 and 320 C 335, 315, 305, and 280 C 035 and 345 S 250 and 200 S 240 S 20 S 200
--A-12--
APPENDIX "A"
TRAINING PROBLEMS
2. Dead Reckoning Exercises
--A-13--
I
Change of Speed and Angels only. No variation.
Red 1, on station 080-6, A 10Time Order SP AG ETRA Answer 00 320 BU 10 03 SA 051 GA 07 14 091 12 LI 4 15 Scramble GA 9 171 20 Stop problem 324-69 II
D.R. one division. Change of speed and Angels only. No variation.
Black 1, On Station 150-10, A 2500 130 BU 023 042 5 093 082 SA 113 Scramble GA 10 14 143 BU 162 LI 20 Stop Problem 132½-80 III
D.R. one division. Change of speed and Angels only. No variation.
Black 1, On Station 150-10., A 1200 020 BU 18 031 042 SA 063 13 08 101 Scramble GA 18 122 12 LI 15 BU 162 3 193 203 Stop Problem 026-63½
--A-14--
IV
D.R. one division. Turns and orbits. No variation.
Purple 1, on station 300-8, A 10Time Order SP AG ETRA Answer 00 240 BU 15 023 270-16½ 033 S 285 BU 270-16½ 07 S 010 SA 10 08 1 278-29 103 P 190 SA 295-32½ 113 LI 153 S 170 LI 270-34 20 OR P 257-30 V
D.R. one division. Turns and orbits. No variation.
Blue 3, on station 052-12, A 1000 P 320 LI 20 051 031 061-20½ 072 BU 092 OR P 010-26 172 180 GA 202 Stop Problem 020-12½ VI
D.R. one division. Turns and orbits. No variation.
Red 1, on station 180-10, A 1000 230 LI 10 08 P 180 BU 18 121 215-36 141 S 310 214-52 171 S 020 SA 214-52 23 Stop Problem 220-39
--A-15--
VII
D.R. one division. No variation.
Red 1, OR AS, A 12Time Order SP AG ETRA Answer 00 050 LI 05 S 090 BU 055-17 07 S 130 SA 065-24½ 09 14 101 12 S 250 GA 086-30½ 161 Stop Problem 105-17 VIII
D.R. one division. No variation.
Blue 1, Orbiting at 210-10, A 1000 140 BU 05 S 250 LI 164-25 082 S 275 GA 184-29 112 S 000 BU 15 141 213-32 162 S 070 LI 233-21 21 H P 320 BU 215-07 251 Stop Problem 293-14 IX
D.R. one division. No variation.
Black 1, Orbiting at 230-10, A 1500 270 LI 031 030 BU 18 05 255-19 072 S 125 GA 298-13 113 H P 020 LI 121-05 15 S 200 053-12 171 GA 192 S 285 150-08 213 Stop Problem 210-07
--A-16--
X*
D.R. one division. Orbits and Turns. Variation 11° W.
Red 1, on station 180-10, A 10Time Order SP AG ETRA Answer 00 210 BU 15 023 03 P 050 183-18 061 OR S 146-15 091 P 130 GA 142-19 113 Scramble GA 20 15 OR P 129-40 222 190 LI 243 Stop Problem 136-44 See Illustration #12.
XI
D.R. two divisions. No variation.
Red 1 and 2, OR AS, A 10Time Div. Order SP AG ETRA Center of Turn 00 Red 1 340 BU 20 051 002 Red 2 160 22 063 04 Red 1 H P 300 BU 042 Red 2 S 230 BU 165-10 06 Red 2 (Level) 07 Red 1 S 030 LI 324-20 072 Red 2 OR S 197-14 09 2 Red 1 OR S 341-23 102 Red 2 P 320 BU 212-12 122 Red 1 P 030 BU 349-20 13 Red 2 H P 210 162 Red 1 H S 140 GA 171 Red 2 P 040 GA 224-25 201 Stop Problem Red 1, 040-22
Red 2, 220-15½
--A-17--
XII
D.R. two divisionss. No variation.
Blue 1 and 2, OR AS, A 10Time Div. Order SP AG ETRA Center of Turn 00 Blue 1 040 22 061 002 Blue 2 200 26 083 042 Blue 1 P 310 BU 035-11½ 051 Blue 2 H P 140 LI 09 Blue 1 OR S 353-21 102 Blue 2 OR P 157-23 11 Blue 1 P 350 GA 351-26 142 Blue 2 S 270 BU 151 Blue 1 S 280 BU 355-45 172 Blue 2 P 000 BU 189-20½ 182 Blue 1 P 160 346-44½ 201 Stop Problem Blue 1, 345-40
Blue 2, 186-14XIII
D.R. two divisions. No variation.
Silver 1 and 2, OR AS, A 1000 Sil. 1 200 BU 002 Sil. 2 010 BU 20 053 03 Sil. 1 S 250 LI 208-13 052 Sil. 2 P 20 010-12½ 07 Sil. 1 OR P 220-25 082 Sil. 2 OR S 017-25 10 Sil. 1 S 250 BU 212-27 102 Sil. 2 P 060 LI 010-28 132 Sil. 2 10 153 14 Sil. 1 20 191 17 Sil. 1 P 160 224-45 182 Sil. 2 H P 340 037-53 201 Stop Problem Sil. 1, 219-49
Sil. 2, 033-55
--A-18--
XIV
D.R. two divisions. No variation.
Green 1, 090-10, A 10
Green 2, 270-10, A 10Time Div. Order SP AG ETRA Center of Turn 00 Gr. 1 350 BU 30 101 002 Gr. 2 170 BU 26 083 04 Gr. 1 OR S 048-15½ 052 Gr. 2 S 310 215-16 07 Gr. 1 P 020 052-18½ 11 Gr. 2 OR P 262-26 13 Gr. 1 25 141 14 Gr. 2 P 300 260-27 17 Gr. 1 S 290 033-53½ 18 Gr. 2 LI 201 Stop Problem Gr. 1, 027-51
Gr. 2, 278-40½XV
D.R. two divisions. No variation.
Gold 1 and 2, OR AS, A 1000 Gold 1 100 BU 20 051 002 Gold 2 230 BU 26 083 031 Gold 1 (On Vector 8 miles SE) 033 Gold 2 (On Vector 10 miles W) 042 Gold 2 S 320 265-13 07 Gold 1 P 050 117-20 112 Gold 2 GA 12 Gold 1 OR S 090-35 14 Gold 1 S 350 090-39 152 Gold 2 P 140 LI 305-50 16 Gold 1 LI 201 Stop Problem Gold 1, 064-42
Gold 2, 299-37½
--A-19--
XVI
D.R. two divisions. No variation.
Orange 1, 000-10, A 10
Orange 2, 180-10, A 10Time Div. Order SP AG ETRA Center of Turn 00 O. 1 280 LI 10 002 O. 2 120 Scramble GA BU 17.5 033 03 O. 1 H S 030 Scramble GA 30 111 320-16 05 O. 2 S 20 07 O. 1 OR P 340-23 08 O. 2 P 160 139-34 10 O. 1 S 300 BU 334-26 13 O. 2 S 310 BU 148-44 15 O. 1 P 330 317-41 17 O. 2 SR 340 LI 159-29 201 Stop Problem O. 1, 321-54
O. 2, 163-21XVII
D.R. two divisions. No variation.
Black 1, OR AS, A 10
Black 2, Condition 1100 Blk. 1 010 Scramble GA BU 30 081 002 Blk. 2 Scramble OR AS 10 01 Blk. 1 (Friendly pl. 030-10) 07 3 Blk. 2 (Airborne) 08 Blk. 2 160 Scramble GAS BU 20 161 12 Blk. 2 (Friendly pl. 170-10) 13 Blk. 1 P 250 20 012-47 17 Blk. 1 OR S 355-45 20 Blk. 1 P 340 GA 353-49 202 Blk. 2 OR F8 161-38 23 Blk. 2 S 030 GA 158-37 232 Blk. 1 SR 175 LI 353-64 251 Blk. 2 SR 320 LI 144-30 301 Stop Problem Blk. 1, 354-45
Blk. 2, 142-14
--A-20--
XVIII
D.R. two divisions. Variation 8° E.
Blue 2, 060-12, A 10
Blue 4, 210- 9, A 20Time Div. Order SP AG ETRA Center of Turn 00 Blue 2 15 03 Blue 4 350 LI 20 042 Blue 2 P 030 GA 105-19 063 Blue 2 Scramble GA 25 11 071 Blue 4 S 065 SA 10 333- 7 10 Blue 2 BU 121 Blue 4 H P 260 LI 041-16 14 Blue 4 17 173 142 Blue 2 H S 180 GA 5 183 064-47 171 Blue 4 OR S 202 Stop Problem Blue 2, 099-38
Blue 4, 354-15
(Center of Orbit)XIX
D.R. two divisions. Variation 10° E.
Reaper 1, 270-10, A 12
Reaper 3, 000-00, A 500 Reap. 1 170 BU 22 051 01 Reap. 3 25 111 03 Reap. 3 010 BU 24 103 07 Reap. 1 P 110 08 Reap. 3 Scramble GA 24 101 11 Reap. 1 S 160 25 123 178-28 12 Reap. 3 H P 210 GA 19½-25 14 Reap. 1 H S 290 BU 15 151 175-35 19 Reap. 1 OR S 208-27 20 Reap. 3 LI 21 Reap. 3 P 160 241-50 22 Reap. 1 16 223 241 Reap. 1 Stop Problem Reaper 1, 202-28
Reaper 3, 221-25
--A-21--
XX
D.R. two divisions. Variation 12° [E or W?]
Red 1, 040-10, A 10
Red 2, 100- 7, A 12Time Div. Order SP AG ETRA Center of Turn 00 Red 2 190 BU 18 031 011 Red 1 110 LI 10 031 Red 1 P 050 069-14 042 Red 2 OR S 180-14 053 Red 1 GA 062 Red 2 P 210 BU 190-16 073 Red 1 GA 18 12 09 Red 2 P 130 200-24 101 Red 1 P 330 BU 063-38 12 Red 2 H S 230 186-32 131 Red 1 13 15 Red 2 S 300 LI 199-385 153 Red 1 P 220 LI 035-45 18 Red 2 S 330 213-375 193 Red 2 OR P 223-36 211 Red 1 Stop Problem Red 1, 022-29½
Red 2, 226-34
--A-22--
APPENDIXI "A"
TRAINING PROBLEMS3. Raid and Dead Reckoning Exercises
--A-23--
I
Plot one raid, Dead Reckon one division. No variation.
Black 1, OR AS, A 8.Time 00 MB 265-70 closing. 002 Hello Blk. 1, this is Blk. Base. Vc 260 BU A 8. Over.
This is Blk. 1, Wilco Vc 260 BU A 8. Out.003 Bogey 266-67. 013 Bogey 264-64 15-20 P. 02 Hello Blk. Base, this is Blk. 1. On Vc 1 mile SW of base. Over
This is Blk. Base. Roger. Out.03 Bogey 264-61. 032 Designate raid bearing 264 - Raid 1. 04 Fade. 042 Friendly 260-10, opening. 043 Bogey 268-56 at 10000. 05 Hello Blk. 1, this is Blk. Base. A 12. Over. This is Blk. 1. Wilco A 12. Out. 06 Bogey 266-53 07 Bogey 266-50 071 Hello Blk. Base, this is Blk. 1. Level at A 12. Over.
This is Blk. Base. Roger. Out.072 Friendly 259-19. 073 Bogey 265-47 15 P 083 Bogey 265-44 09 Hello Blk. 1, this is Blk. Base. Vc P 250.
This is Blk. 1. Wilco Vc P 250. Out.092 Friendly 259-27 101 Bogey 264-40
--A-24--
I (Cont'd) Time 103 Hello Blk. 1, this is Blk. Base. Vc S 070. Over.
This is Blk. 1. Wilco Vx S 070. Out.11 Bogey 265-38 113 Rogey 264-34. 12 Tallyho. Blk. 1-1, 8 2, down, 2 miles, 15 B at 1000. Over.
This is Blk. Base. Roger. Out.13 Merged Plot 263-30 14 Merged Plot 263-27 15 Merged Plot 267-25 16 Merged Plot 274-24 17 Merged Plot 280-22 See Illustration #13 II
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Red 1, OR AS, A 20.Time 00 214-60 MB closing. 01 215-57 At 18000. 01 Hello Red 1, this is Red Base. Vc 230 LI A 20. Over.
This is Red 1. Wilco Vc 230 LI A 20. Out.02 214-54 02 This is Redd 1. On Vc Directly above base. Over.
This is Red Base. Roger. Out.03 215-51 12-15 P. 04 213-48 05 215-45 06 213-42
--A-25--
II (Cont;d.)
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Red 1, OR AS, A 20.Time 07 211-40 073 Hello Red 1. Vc P 150 GA. Over.
This is Red 1. Wilco Vc 150 GA. Out.08 208-38 09 204-36 10 199-34 11 192-33 111 Hello Red 1, this is Red Base. Vc P 010. Over.
This is Red 1. Wilco Vc P 010. Out.12 185-32 122 Tallyho. This is Red 1-4. 5 B, 10 R, down, 5 Q, 3 miles at 18000. Over.
This is Red Base. Roger. Out.13 179-29 14 179-25 Merged Plot 15 178-21 Merged Plot 16 177-17 Merged Plot Courses and Speeds 03 C 035 S 180 07 C 075 11 C 075 S 240 14 C 000
--A-26--
III
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Green 1, OR AS, A 20.Time 00 140-45 1 B closing 01 137-42 A L 012 Hello Green 1, this is Green Base. Vc 130 BU A 10. Over. 013 This is Green 1. Wilco Vc 130 BU A 10. Out. 013 This is Green 1. On Vc 2 miles SE of base. Over.
This is Green Base. Roger. Out.02 134-39 A 8 03 129-38 04 126-35 1 P 04 This is Green 1. Level at A 10. Out. 05 120-34 06 116-34 061 Hello Green 1, this is Green Base. P 30. Over.
This is Green 1. Wilco P 30. Out.07 113-36 08 116-36 09 110-34 091 Hello Green 1. Vc P 010. Over.
This is Green 1. Wilco Vc P 010. Out.10 106-34 11 102-33 111 Tallyho. This is Green 1-2. 1 Betty, 3 Q down, 2 miles at 8000. Over.
This is Green Base. Roger. Out.12 097-32 Merged Plot
--A-27--
III (Cont'd.) Time 13 094-32 Merged Plot 131 Hello Green Base, this is Green 1. Grand Slam, 1 Betty, request homing. Over.
This is Green Base, SR 280. Over.
This is Green 1. Wilco SR 280. Out.14 090-32 Friendly 15 090-29 Friendly 20 Should finish at 090-12 Courses and Speeds 04 C 000, S 210 07 Orbit 11 S 180 IV
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Gold 1, OR AS, A 2.Time 00 067-77 FB closing 01 065-75 At 12000 02 067-70 8-10 P 02 Hello Gold 1, this is Gold Basxe. Vc 080 LI A 14. Over.
This is Gold 1. Wilco Vc 080 LI A 14. Out.03 064-67 03 Hello Gold Base, this is Gold 1. On vector 2 miles NE of Base A 3. Over.
This is Gold Base. Roger. Out.04 061-64 05 058-61 8-10 P 053 Hello Gold 1, this is Gold Base. P 20 Scramble GA A 14. Over.
This is Gold 1. Wilco P 20 A 14. Am now at A 9. Over.
This is Gold Base. Roger. Out.
--A-28--
IV (Cont'd.) Time 06 055-59 07 056-56 08 058-54 08 This is Gold 1. Level at A 14. Over.
This is Gold Base. Roger. Out.09 062-52 10 066-50 103 Hello Gold 1. Vc S 100 BU. Over.
This is Gold 1. Wilco Vc S 100 BU. Out.11 069-48 12 067-46 13 065-43 133 Hello Gold 1. Vc P 280. Over.
This is Gold 1. Wilco Vc P 280. Out.14 063-40 15 061-38 15 Tallyho. This is Gold 1-4. 2 Bettys, 3 Q down, 1½ miles, at 12000. Over.
This is Gold Base. Roger. Out.16 060-35 Merged Plot 17 056-32 Merged Plot 18 052-29 Merged Plot 19 047-26 Merged Plot 193 Hello Gold Base, this is Gold 1. Grand Slam, 2 Bettys. Request homing. Over. 193 This is Gold Base. SR 230 LI. Over. 20 This is Gold 1. Wilco SR 230 LI. Out.
--A-29--
Courses and Speeds 03 C 260 S 240 06 C 290 10 C 185 S 210 13 C 270 S 180 17 S 200 V
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Black 1, OR AS, A 25.Time 00 020-76 M B, closing, A H 01 020-73 Designate Raid 4, 15-20 P 02 019-70 021 Vc 030, BU, A 25 03 020-67 Fading 033 This is Black 1. On vector 5 miles NE of base. 04 Fade 05 Fade 06 026-60 At 12000 063 Descend to A 15 07 023-58 08 021-56 09 018-55 09 This is Black 1. Level at A 15 10 015-53 103 OR P 11 011-53 12 007-52 123 Vc S 010 GA 13 004-49
--A-30--
V (Cont'd) Time 14 005-46 14 Vc H P 180 143 Tallyho. This is Black 1-4, 3 Q down, 2 miles, 15 F, 3 R, at 12000. 15 005-42 16 005-38 Merged Plot 17 005-35 Merged Plot 18 006-32 Merged Plot 19 006-28 Merged Plot 20 006-25 Merged Plot 202 This is Black 1. Grand Slam, 10 F; 3 R, 5 H away 21 006-21 Friendly 211 This is Black Base. SR 195. VI
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Gray 1, OR AS, A 5.Time 00 356-70 L B closing. 01 355-67 A L 011 Hello Gray 1. This is Gray Base. Vc 000 GA. Over.
This is Gray 1. Wilco Vc 000 GA. Out.013 This is Gray 1. On vector 5 miles N of base. Out. 02 357-63 1 P 03 355-61 At 10000 033 Hello Gray 1. A 10. Over.
This is Gray 1. Wilco A 10. Out.04 357-58 05 356-54 06 358-51 07 355-47
--A-31--
VI (Cont'd.) Time 08 351-49 083 Hello Gray 1. This is Gray Base. OR P. Over.
This is Gray 1. Wilco OR P. Out.09 350-53 103 Hello Gray 1. Vc H P 000 GA. Over.
This is Gray 1. Wilco Vc H P 000 GA. Out.11 343-52 12 342-48 122 Hello Gray 1. Vc H HP 190. Over.
This is Gray 1. Wilco Vc H P 190. Out.13 340-44 133 Tallyho. This is Gray 1-1, 1 Betty, 4 Q, down, 3 miles, at 8000. Over
This is Gray Base. Roger. Out.14 340-42 15 340-37 Merged Plot 16 340-33 Merged Plot 163 Hello Gray Base, This is Gray 1. Grand Slam, 1 Betty. Request homing. Over.
This is Gray Base. SR 170. Over.
This is Gray 1. Wilco SR 170. Out.17 340-29 Friendly 20 Track shyould end at 340-18 Course and Speeds 03 C 175 S 200 09 C 290 S 200 12 C 180 15 C 160
--A-32--
VII
Plot one split raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
Black 1, OR AS, A 11.Time 00 326-73 M B closing. 01 324-71 A H 011 Hello Black 1. Vc 330 BU A 22. Over.
This is iBlack 1. Wilco Vc 330 BU A 22. Out.013 This is Black 1. On vector miles NW of base at A 12. Over.
This is Black Base. Roger. Out.02 322-68 15-20 P. 03 319-66 At 2000. 04 316-64 05 314-62 06 311-59 06 This is Black 1. Level at A 22. Out. 07 Fade 08 Fade 081 Hello Black 1. Descend to A 18 GA. Over.
This is Black 1. Wilco descend to A 18 GA. Out.09 311-48 At 16000. 10 311-44 101 Hello Black 1, this is Black Base. Vc H P 200 GA. Over.
This is Black 1. Wilco Vc H P 200 GA. Out.11 311-41 12 311-36 12 Tallyho. This is Black 104. 5 F, 5 R, 5 H, 5 Q 3, down, at 16000. Over.
This is Black Base. Roger. Out.13 307-32
--A-33--
VII (Cont'd.) Time 14 305-28 15 300-29 Merged Plot 152 305-25 Bogey only. (Raid is splitting). 16 298-32 Merged Plot 162 306-20 Bogey only 17 299-36 Merged Plot 172 305-15 Bogey only 18 298-38 Merged Plot 182 306-10 Bogey Courses and Speeds 03 C 190 S 220 10 C 130 17 Opening raid C 300 S 240 17 Closing raid C 125 S 300 VIII
Plot one raid. Dead reckon one division. Variation 10° W.
White 1, OR AS, A 16.Time 00 F B closing 00 282-78 01 280-76 At 25000 011 Hello White 1. Vc 290 BU A 27. Over.
This is White 1. Wilco Vc 290 BU A 27. Out.013 Hello White Base, this is White 1. Steady 2 miles west of base. Out. 02 278-74 03 275-73 04 272-71 05 270-70 053 Hello White 1. P 20. Over.
--A-34--
VIII (Cont'd.) Time 06 269-67 07 267-63 072 Hello White Base, this is White 1. Level at A 27. Out. 08 267-60 09 267-56 10 263-55 11 260-55 113 Hello White 1. Vc P 210. Over.
This is White 1. Wilco VC P 210. Out.12 256-54 13 253-54 132 Hello White 1. OR P. Over.
This is White 1. Wilco OR P. Out.14 251-54 15 Fade 16 Fade 17 Fade 18 Fade 19 244-43 20 243-41 201 Hello White 1. Vc P 120 GA. Over.
This is White 1, Wilco Vc P 120 GA. Out.21 243-38 212 Hello White 1. Vc P 070 SA. Over.
This is White 1. Wilco Vc P 070 SA. Out.22 243-35 23 243-32
--A-35--
VIII (Cont'd.) Time 24 243-28 242 Tallyho. This is White 1-4. 5 B, 2 R, 5 Q, down at 25000. Over.
This is White Base. Roger. Out.25 243-25 Merged Plot. Courses and Speeds 03 C 160 S 220 07 C 100 10 C 175 22 C 060